Selasa, 25 Mei 2021

V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 grammar = not only A, but also B ~express additional information


L2G36 A/N/V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 grammar = not only A, but also B ~express additional information

Usage:
- Used to express additional information = not only A, but also B
- Can be shortened to -(으)ㄹ 뿐 아니라

Specific usage:
1. When using this expression, both clauses should express information in the same way, e.g., both positive or both negative.

E.g.
우리 집은 회사에서 가까울 뿐만 아니라 아주 조용해요. (both positive)
My house is not only close to the company but also very quiet.

우리 집은 회사에서 멀 뿐만 아니라 아주 시끄러워요. (both negative)
My house is not only far from the company but also very noisy.

2. A/V-기까지 하다 , A/V-기도 하다, and N까지 A/V are often used after A/N/V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

E.g. 
안나 씨는 똑똑한 뿐만 아니라 성격이 좋기까지 해요.
안나 씨는 똑똑한 뿐만 아니라 성격이 좋기도 해요. 
안나 씨는 똑똑한 뿐만 아니라 성격까지 좋아요.
Anna is not also smart, but also has a good personality.

Tense:
1. Past:  A/V-았/었을 뿐만 아니라

크다 --> 컸을 뿐만 아니라 
작다 --> 작았을 뿐만 아니라 
먹다 --> 먹었을 뿐만 아니라 
만들다 --> 만들었을 뿐만 아니라

2. Present : A/V-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
크다 --> 클 뿐만 아니라
착하다 --> 착할 뿐만 아니라 
멀다 --> 멀 뿐만 아니라 
만들다 --> 만들 뿐만 아니라 
먹다 --> 먹을 뿐만 아니라

3. N이다 : -일 뿐만 아니라
학생이다 --> 학생일 뿐만 아니라 
가수이다 --> 가수일 뿐만 아니라 

4. N다:  뿐만 아니라
자동차 --> 자동차뿐만 아니라 
아침 --> 아침뿐만 아니라
한국어 --> 한국어뿐만 아니라

Examples:
1. 앤디 씨는 정말 아는 게 많은 것 같아요.
- 맞아요. 책을 많이 읽을 뿐만 아니라 매일 신문도 봐서 그런 것 같아요.
Andy really seems to know a lot.
- You are right. I think it is because he not only reads a lot of books but also reads newspapers everyday.

2. 강원도는 산이 많을 뿐만 아니라 바다도 있어서 여행하기에 아주 좋은 곳이에요.
Gangwon has not only a lot of mountains, but also beaches, so It’s a very good place to travel.

3. 강남역는 멀 뿐만 아니라 교통도 복잡하니까 다른 데서 만납시다.
Gangnam station is not only far way, but also the traffic is really bad, so let's meet somewhere else.

4. 지하철은 시간을 정확하게 지켜줄 뿐만 아니라 편리해서 자주 이용합니다.
The subway not only runs on a precise time schedule, but it is also convenient,  so that's why I use it.

5. 점심뿐만 아니라 아침도 굶어서 배가 너무 고파요.
I am so hungry because I skipped not only the breakfast but the lunch as well.

6. 여름은 더울 뿐만 아니라 비도 많이 와요.
The summer is not only hot, but it is also raining often.

7. 안나 씨는 똑똑한 뿐만 아니라 성격도 좋아요.
Anna is not only clever, but her personality is good as well.

8. 오늘은 기분이 안 좋을 뿐만 아니라 머리도 아픈 것 같아서 집에 일찍 가려고 해요.
I am not in a good mood today, but I also have a headache,  so I want to go home early.

9. 저 드라마는 국내뿐만 아니라 해외에서도 인기가 많아요.
That drama is popular not only in our country but also in oversea.

10. 저 식당은 음식이 맛있을 뿐만 아니라 가격도 싸서 내가 자주 가요.
That restaurant not only has very good taste, but the price is also cheap, so I go there often.

11. 저는 한국어뿐만 아니라 일본어도 조금 말할 수 있어요.
I can speak Korean, and also a little Japanese too.

Label:

Minggu, 16 Mei 2021

V-ㄴ/는 데다가 grammar = and also, moreover ~express additional information about the same subject


A/N/V-ㄴ/는 데다가 grammar = and also,  moreover ~express additional information about the same subject

Usage:
- To express additional information about the same subject =  'also also, moreover, furthermore' in English
- The grammar -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 is interchangeable with -(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라

Specific usage :
1. The subjects of both clauses must be the same and are related to be able to draw a conclusion, which is connected by 그래서 or 그러니까.

제 방은 작은 데다가 창문도 없어서 너무 답해요.
My room is small and also has no window, so it is very stuffy.

2. N에다가 has 2 meanings. (1) =  and;  (2) = on/at (location in which something is done or placed.)

(1) 요즘 집안일에다가 화사 일까지 겹쳐서 힘들어 죽겠어요. 
These days I am so busy due to the housework and company work.

(2) 이 종이에다가 이름과 이메일 주소를 써 주시기 바랍니다. 
Please write your name and email on this paper.


Tense:
Adjective + -(으)ㄴ 데다가:
크다 --> 큰 데다가 (large and also...)
작다 --> 작은 데다가 (small and also...)
멀다 --> 먼 데다가 (far and also...)

Past tense: Verb + -(으)ㄴ 데다가:
가다 --> 간 데다가 (went..., and moreover...)
입다 --> 입은 데다가 (wear..., and moreover...)

Present tense: Verb + -는 데다가:
가다 --> 가는 데다가 (go..., and moreover...)
입다 --> 입는 데다가 (wear..., and moreover...)

Noun + -인 데다가:
주부 --> 주부인 데다가 (be a housewife, and also...)
학생 --> 학생인 데다가 (be a student, and also...)


Examples:
1. 여행 어땠어?
- 날씨가 쌀쌀한 데다가 비까지 많이 와서 호텔에만 있어서 재미없었어.
How was the trip?
- The weather was not only chilly, but also raining a lot, so I was bored just staying inside the hotel.

2. 왜 그렇게 전화를 한참 동안 안 받아요?
- 요리하는 데다가 갑자기 누가 찾아와서 못 받았어요.
Why did it take you so long to pick up the phone?
- I was cooking, and moreover, I had a visitor, so I couldn’t answer the phone.

3. 그 백화점은 값이 비싼 데다가 질도 별로 안 좋아서 저는 거의 안 가요.
The prices at that department store are not only high, but the quality is also not very good, so I rarely go there.

4. 이 생선이 뼈가 많이 없는 데다가 살도 부드러워서 아이들이 먹기에 좋아요.
This fish doesn’t have many bones, and also, it is tender, so kids like it.

5. 어젯밤에 잠을 못 잔 데다가 요즘 일도 많아서 너무 피곤해요.
I couldn’t sleep at night yesterday, and also, I have got so much work these days, so I’m really tired.

6.  홈쇼핑이 편한 데다가 가격도 싸서 자주 주문하게 돼요.
Home-shopping is convenient, and also, the price is cheap, so I order often.

7. 열이 나는 데다가 기침도 많이 나서 힘들어요.
I have a fever, and also coughing, so I am really exhausted.

8. 눈이 많이 오는 데다가 길까지 얼어서 미끄러워요.
It is snowing a lot, and moreover, the road is also freezing, so it is slippery.

9. 바지가 길은 데다가 신발도 높아서 걷기가 너무 힘들어요.
The skirt is not only long, but the shoes are also high, so it is so difficult to walk.

10. 1 등을 한 데다가 용돈도 받아서 한턱내려고요.
I get the 1st place and also have some allowance,  so I will treat you.

11. 친구가 부자인 데다기 발이 아주 넓어요.
 My friend is rich and he also has a lot of connections.

12. 한국의 여름은 습기도 많은 데다가 햇빛도 강렬해서 힘들어요.
Korea summer is very humid and the sunlight is also intense, so it's tough.

Label:

Kamis, 13 Mei 2021

N-조차 grammar = (not) even …~ “not only the others but also the primary one”


L2G38 N-조차 grammar = (not) even …~ “not only the others but also the primary one”

Usage:
- To express “not only the others but also the primary one” = (not) even...
- It refers to an extreme situation that speaker didn't expect or anticipate

Noun + 조차: 
한글 -- 한글조차 (not.. even Hangul)
제주도 -- 제주도조차 (not... even Jeju island)
엄마 -- 엄마조차 (not... even my mother)
부모님 -- 부모님조차  (not... even my parents)
바람 -- 바람조차 (even no wind)

Specific usage :
1. This expression is naturally used in negative statements.
E.g. 안아 씨가 한글조차 못 읽어요.

2. It is often used with -은/는커녕 to indicate the negation of not only one thing, but also something else.
E.g. 우리 엄마는 해외여행커녕 제주도조차 못 가 보셨어요.
Our mother has never even travelled to Jeju, not to mention overseas.

3. The form -(으)ㄹ 수조차 없다 is used with Verb.
E.g. 다리가 너무 아파서 일어날 수조차 없어요.
I can't even stand since my legs hurt so much. 


Examples:
1. 정말 이 사람을 모르세요?
- 네, 저는 그 사람 이름조차 몰라요.
Don’t you really know this person?
- Yes, I don't even know his name.

2. 비행기 사고가 났다는 뉴스 들었어요?
- 아니요. 요즘에 너무 바쁘니까 인터넷 뉴스조차 볼 시간이 없어요.
Did you hear the news about the plane accident?
- No, I have been so busy lately that I don't even have time to see the news on the Internet.

3. 엄마조차 저를 못 믿으시는 거예요?
(Are you saying that) Even you (my mother) don't believe me?

4. 더운 날씨에 에어컨조차 고장이 나 버려서 정말 죽겠어요.
Even the air conditioner has broken down in this heat, It’s unbearable.

5. 너무 슬프면 눈물조차 안 나오는 경우도 있어요.
There is a case that tears don't flow even thing is so sad.

6. 복권에 당첨되는 일은 상상조차 안 해 봤어요.
I don’t even imagine the day that I win a lottery.

7. 고등학교 때 일본어를 배우했는데 지금은 인사말조차 생각이 안 나요.
I studied Japanese during high school, but now I don't even think about speaking a greeting in Japanese.

8. 요즘 살이 많이 빠지니까 고향에 갔는데 부모님조차 저를 못 알아봐요.
Since I lost my weight a lot recently, my parents couldn't recognize me when I visited my hometown.

9. 더운데 바람조차 안 부네요.
It’s hot and even no wind flows.

10. 다리가 너무 아파서 일어설 수조차 없어요.
I can't even stand since my legs hurt so much.

Label:

Minggu, 02 Mei 2021

Download the 41st -66th TOPIK 2 Tests

 Download the 41st - 66th TOPIK 2 Tests 


The 41st TOPIK 2 PDF+MP3+Answer


The 47th TOPIK 2 PDF+MP3+Answer


The 52nd TOPIK 2 PDF+MP3+Answer


The 60th TOPIK 2 PDF+MP3+Answer


The 63rd TOPIK 2 PDF+Answer (Unofficial)


The 64th TOPIK 2 PDF+MP3+Answer


The 66th TOPIK 2 PDF+Answer (Unofficial)


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Sabtu, 01 Mei 2021

Download the 41st -66th TOPIK I Tests

Download the 41st - 66th TOPIK I Tests 


The 41st TOPIK 1 PDF+MP3+Answer

The 47th TOPIK 1 PDF+MP3+Answer

The 52nd TOPIK 1 PDF+MP3+Answer

The 60th TOPIK 1 PDF+MP3+Answer

The 63rd TOPIK 1 PDF+Answer (Unofficial)

The 64th TOPIK 1 PDF+MP3+Answer

The 66th TOPIK 1 PDF+Answer (Unofficial)


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